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تونل تاریخ
- 1400/10/15
تونل تاریخ
این تونل در واقع میانبر و حدفاصل حیاط اصلی سرای عامری ها و حیاط انجیر و ورودی حمام عمارت است. ضمن گذر ازاین تونل، با تاریخ مختصری از خاندان عامری و وقایع مهم و مرتبط آشنا خواهید شد. از شجره نامه خاندان عامری گرفته تا پایان قدرت این خاندان و طرح تبدیل عمارت به بوتیک هتل.
The History Tunnel
This tunnel is actually a shortcut between the main courtyard of the Ameris’ House and the fig courtyard and the entrance to the mansion bathroom. While passing through this tunnel, you will get acquainted with a brief history of the Ameris’ family as well as the important events appertaining thereto. From the genealogy of the Ameris’ family to the decline of the power of this family and the plan to change the mansion into a hotel boutique.
The boards will narrate the history in pictures using short descriptions. For further information, you can simply find out the description of the event by scanning the code at the top of the board with your mobile phone.
1. شجره نامه ﺧﺎﻧﺪان ﻋﺎﻣﺮي
The Ameri Family had many famous figures in the history and since the tenth century AH, they covered a wide area from Kerman to Rey. This family had special place and positions in the royal court of Iran.
This family is considered as one of the greatest families of the contemporary Iran. The members of this family are scattered across Iran, from Bushehr to Khorasan, and they are often known by the title “Ameri”. At the order of Teimur, they settled on the sides of the central desert of Iran. The profession of the Ameris’ family was the animal business and they were also in charge of protecting the roads. Therefore, this family were responsible for this road profession for centuries.
The famous figures of the Ameri family have been the source of great positions and services, and this feature is well reflected in the lives of their famous figures. In the descriptive genealogy and according to the documents, the Ameri family living on the edge of the central desert of Iran can be identified with two major branches: one is the children of Mir Ali Beik and the other is the children of Karim. It is obvious that great people have lived in both branches. It seems that one of the sons of Mir Ali Beik, named Amir Ismail, has found a lasting name in the history. Based on the existig documents, he has had a good relationship with the courtmen, kings and the people in-charge from the very beginning to the contemporry era. In other words, both the ruling system has benefited from their services and they have also enjoyed the support of the kings, and this is the main reason for the maintenance of their position over the centuries. This has been true either in the position of the tollmen of the Safavid and Qajari royals or in the position of the parliamant represenatives of the Pahlavi era.
There are commands in hand from Shah Abbas, Shah Sultan Hossein and Naser al-din Shah, where the securities of the roads and convoys as well as the collection of revenue were entrusted to the Ameris. Hence, when we talk about the Ameri families in the history of Iran, we are in fact talking bout a family who have made a lot of effort in safeguarding the secutrity of this country.
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In order to appreciate the services of the Ameri family, they were granted the responsibility of guarding the desert roads from the borders of Khorasan to Qom, from the time of Shah Abbas Safavid to the Qajar kings.
Mustafa Qoli Khan Ameri, bearing the title of Saham al-Saltanah, was one of the influential and famous members of the Ameri family, who lived in the time of Naser al-din Shah Qajar and was honored with the position of the Brigadier General of the Amdri cavalry by the order of the Shah. According to this ruling, the security of the roads from Kerman to Tehran was entrusted to him and he showed his full worthiness and adequacy, and he suppressed and arrested the miscreants and insurgents of that area, and he found a high position in the court of Naser al-din Shah Qajar. One of the events of the thirteenth century was the rebellion of Haji Agha and Agha Gol Mahabadi, who were arrested and plastered into the wall at the order of Naser al-din Shah and directly by the hands of Mustafa Qoli Khan Saham al-Saltanah.
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Due to his political viewpoint and merit, Mustafa Qoli Khan was promoted to the position of Saham al-Saltaneh by Naser al-din Shah, and the security of the roads from Kerman to Tehran was delegated to him. He died in 1887 AH.
Mustafa Qoli Khan, with the full name “Mustafa Qoli Khan Saham al-Saltaneh Ameri Mazdabadi Ardestani”, was known as one of the most famous entities of the Ameri’s family. He was the son of Mohammad Taghi Khan Haj Abutaleb Ebn-e Mohammad Karim and Khadijeh, who was the daughter of Safi Mazdabadi, and he was born in the upper Mazdabad, part of Bolook-e Soflay-e Ardestan. Studying the dimensions of his personality is significant from various aspects. First, because of his closeness to the court and the merit he would show, he married a daughter of Mir Ali Beik's descendants, and hence, the inherited position of the Ameri family was transferred from Mir Ali Beik's descendants to Karim's descendants. Another point is that, since he and his sons attained power, the connection of the Ameri’s family with Ardestan and the lower Sofla district diminished and they gradually migrated to Kashan. Since the time of Mustafa Gholi Khan, many settlements have been left around the city of Ardestan, the most important of which are Sarhang Abad and the Chehel Soton mansion. He was one of the students of Mullah Ali Akbar Ardestani, one of the students of Mullah Mohammad Sadegh Khorasani known as "Moghadas Khorasani". Mustafa Qoli Khan was devoted to Sadat and the wisemen and was extremely interested in religious rites, especially the passion play [Ta’zieh] of Al-e Aba [The five holy Imams of the Shia Islam].
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All the responsibilities and titles of the father were delegated to Mirza Hossein Khan. He was a man of grace and knowledge and he was famous for his hospitality and purity of heart. He died in 1897 AH. Mirza Hossein Khan, known as Saham al-Saltaneh Mazdabadi, is the older son of Mustafa Gholi Khan Saham al-Saltaneh, who was the son of Mohammad Taghi, the son of Haj Abutaleb Arab Ameri, and his mother was Moazez al-Saltaneh, the daughter of Mir Ali Beik. He was born in the upper Mazdabad village (Hormozabad), one of the districts of Sofla village.
Mirza Hossein Khan, who was one of the popular commanders and Khans of the 13th and 14th centuries in Ardestan, was a man of grace and dignity and he was a skilled caligraphist. His works were kept and maintained by his son Amir Asadollah Khan Ameri, and they were then handed to Amir Hossein Ameri after his death. He was a rightous man and he was mych too interested in Sadat, the wisemen as well the religious rites and traditions, and he was an awsome host to the guests. He was a knowledgable commander and he wrote beautifully. He married Shams al-Hajieh, the daughter of Mirza Asadollah Kashani, known as Morghi, who was a famous figure in Kashan, and the result of their marriage was two sons named Amir Asadollah Ameri, Ebrahim Khalil Khan Ameri and a daughter named Batool Khanom, the wife of Cheraghali Khan Bakhtiari, known as the brigadier of Solat [Sardar-e Solat]. According to the descriptions, he was a skillfull man in the techniques of war and adornment and he would always accompany his father. After passing the necessary courses, in 1921, he attained the military position of the 3rd brigadier general, and after his father’s death, all his authorities were entrusted to him.
5.The Last Khan of the Ameri Family
Ibrahim Khalil Khan was a chivalrous person of his time. His house was always a guest house and he was always accompanied by people of grace and literature. He died on 23/04/1948 and was buried in Qom.
Ibrahim Khalil Khan Ameri, the son of Mirza Hussein Khan Saham Al-Saltanah Tani, was one of the scholars who was unique in the provision, forgiveness and helping the poor and was a constant companion of the people of dignity and lived in Kashan. In the texts, it is often mentioned that the people of Kashan mention Ibrahim Khalil Khan as a humble and helping man, and his house, according to his daughter’s attestation, was a shelter for the homeless. There was few people like him in giving, forgiving, and helping the poor, Sadat, and the wisemen, and his house was always a guest house, and he was constantly a companion of the people of grace and literature, and there was always the discussion of science and literature in his circle. He was known as one of the great landowners and rich people of the city. As mentioned in this section, the Ameri family had several settlements and lands around Ardestan and Kashan. According to the announcements for adverrtisments for the parliament elections, it can be said that Ibrahim Khalil Khan also had a political dream. However, he was not elected from Kashan constituency, and the reason was probably the betrayal of Khan Harun in manipulating the votes, who, after receiving a sum from his electoral rival, Mr. Akhavan, they declared Akhavan as the winner of the votes. Therefore, Ibrahim Khalil Khan, who failed in the elections, became discouraged by the unfaithfulness of the people for his love, and he emigrated to Tehran. Ibrahim Khalil Khan had a wife named Turan and from her, he had three daughters named Parvin Dokht, Iran Dokht, and Khorshid Kolah. Khorshid Kolah and his son were the last survivors of the Ameri family from the children of Ibrahim Khalil Khan. After leaving Kashan and settling in Tehran, Ibrahim Khalil Khan lived in an inner house at Darvazeh Shemiran neighborhood until he passed away on April 23, 1948. His body was buried in a new tomb in Qom within the mausoleum of a family friend named Fotovat.
6.Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār
Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār is originally from Kashan. In the summer of 1941, he traveled to Kashan at the invitation of Ibrahim Khalil Khan Ameri. During that trip, Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār sang an ode in the description of Khan Ameri.
In June 1941, Ibrahim Khalil Khan Ameri, the son of Saham Al-Saltanah, who was one of the good men of the time, invited Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār for a recreational trip to Fin region in Kashan. Among his companions was Habib Yaghmaei, the great poet. An ode was composed in that trip in description of Fin. Here are a few couplets:
The guest to Brahim I am who’s second in blessing
To Brahim the blesser, the world famous prophet
The nobles of Bani Amer are always and ever known
And their excellence is a radiant gem of throne
He is very respectful, yet he is a dervish
Bearing the knowledge of the old however young
His kindness to kins need not be expressed
That which is visible need not be explained
His praise I don’t have the power
Yaghmaei’s magic pen his image can raise
Habib Yaghmaei mentioned in his memoirs about this trip and the hosting of Ibrahim Khalil Khan: Our long trip to Qamsar Kashan lasted forty days. Our companion was Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār and his son. Our host was Ibrahim Khan Ameri, the son of Saham Al-Saltanah Ameri Kashani, who was a friend of my father. He would teach Ibrahim Khan and his sister in Tehran. He was a man of purity, love and generosity.
7 . سفر مظفرالدین شاه به کاشان
The Ameri family always had a special place in the Qajar court and had distant kinship with the Qajar royalties as well. Muzaffar al-Din Shah became the guest of Khan Ameri during his trip to Kashan, and because of this, the image of the Shah was plastered at the inner courtyard.
As it is narrated by Khorshid Khatun Ameri, the daughter of Ibrahim Khalil Khan Ameri, one day Muzaffar al-Din Shah Qajar visited the Ameri house and stayed in this mansion for some time. According to Khorshid Kolah, upon receiving the news that the Shah was about to be honored, Ibrahim Khalil Khan ordered that the image of the Shah be plastered on the inside of one of the most beautiful courtyards. The best master of Kashan was summoned to the mansion as soon as possible, and in less than half a day, the picture of Muzaffar al-Din Shah Qajar was curved and drawn on the portal of the royal room of the inner courtyard of Korshid Kolah and it lasted forever. The purpose of this was to show the devotion of Khan Ameri and to pay tribute to Muzaffar al-Din Shah Qajar.
8.Immigration to Tehran
After he could not obtain the votes of the public for the parliament, Ibrahim Khalil Khan became disillusioned with the unfaithfulness of the people of Kashan for his love and he emigrated to Tehran. It was later revealed that Khan Harun had betrayed him in the vote count.
According to Mr. Aminian, after the defeat of Ibrahim Khalil Khan in the elections and his disappointment with the ignorance of the people, he moved to Tehran with his family.
According to Khorshid Kolah Ameri, he was born in the mirror room, which was decorated with the pattern of the sun and mirros, but he did not live at home for a long time, but he just usually came to Kashan during the elections. According to the date of his birth, which was 05.08.1912, it can be concluded that the house was abandoned by its owners for about these years, and generally the servants or the steward of Ibrahim Khalil Khan lived there. He introduced the inside of the house as the residence of the family. According to him, the five-door room on the north side of Ibrahim Khalil Khan's inner courtyard was his mother's room in Turan and the adjoining rooms were the children's room and the barn.
9.The Abandoned Properety
Almost since 1932, The Ameri House was left by its owners and generally the servants or the steward of Khan lived in there. After Ibrahim Khalil Khan left the House and settled in Tehran, the house started to destroy slowly. During that period, the servants of the family lived in a small part of the house. According to their memoirs, the structure of most of the parts remained the same, but the majority of all the doors and windows of the building were damaged. At the same time, with the beginning of the street constructions in Kashan, part of the outer courtyard of Ibrahim Khalil Khan and its pond were destroyed. This issue and the migration of the servants from the house and its unoccupancy lead to the destruction of the house.
10. گنجینه عامری ها
10.The Ameri’s Treasures
Until 1961, the Khan's properties were hidden in the burrow beneath the house called Naghab. One of the most valuable of those was the crystal chandelier, commissioned by Khan in Europe in 1859. According to the documentations, Farah Pahlavi was willing to buy that chandelier.
Until 1961, Ibrahim Khalil Khan's properties were hidden in the Naghab of the house and the way into the Naghab was blocked by a wall. Among those items, there were chandeliers, curtains, cashmere and porcelain and dishes that were later divided among the heirs. According to Mr. Hossein Kiani, Ibrahim Khalil Khan's servants, who included his family and relatives as well, lived inside that part of the house for a long time, and if Ibrahim Khalil Khan's family returned to the house during that period, they would live outside. These people also left the house gradually.
What was left of Ibrahim Khalil Khan for the heirs was hidden in the Naghab for years, and its entrance was covered with a wall. Eventually, around 1961 AH, with the presence of the heirs and the expertise of Mr. Forghani, who was from Kashan and was professionally involved in the pricing of valuable objects, it was all divided among the heirs. Among the valuable objects in this collection was a crystal chandelier, which, according to Mr. Aminian, was built at order of Saham al-saltaneh in Czechoslovakia, and the words "At the Order of Saham al-saltaneh Ameri Kashani 1897 AH" were engraved that chandelier in Nasta'liq.
After the leave-taking of the servants and the lack of residents, the biggest damage happened and the mansion turned into the biggest construction material store in Kashan and the main courtyard’s pool house was destroyed in the develppment plan of the municipality in order to widen Alavi Street. After the demolition of a part of the building and the decampment of the servants from the house, the living inside this building ended, and afterwards, it became the largest construction material store in Kashan. During that period, the biggest damage happened to the house and a large part of the building was completely destroyed and some parts were placed under the ground, materials and the collapsed debris. As it is narrated in the oral history, different parts of the building, especially the luxurious pre-heaters of the building, were destroyed by the profiteers in search of treasure. The rest of the wooden doors and windows were stolen and the Ameri house was forgotten for a long time.
12. احیای سرای عامری ها
12.Revival of the Ameri House
After various periods of destruction and oblivion, finally the children of the Ameri family voluntarily handed over the Ameri House to the Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran in order to save the mansion and keep the name of the Ameris alive. Reconstruction and renovation of the Ameri House was asparkled with the efforts of Engineer Hossein Mahlouji, then representative of Kashan, and also Engineer Aminian, Head of Kashan Cultural Heritage Office, and in 1999, the mansion was brought into the plan of converting the historic houses into residence hotels, and the restoration of the House of Ameri was completed with the thrives of the private sector and specifically Ozam Construction Company.
The Ameri House can be called as one of the largest old houses in Iran, the construction of which began during the Zandieh period and was increased in size during the Qajar period. This house, with the infrastructure of about 12,000 square meters, is located in Sultan Mir Ahmad neighborhood, which is the historical center of the city. Bearing seven courtyards, the house holds attractions such as the inside and outside zones, the balcony, the pool, the mirror hall, the royal room, the secret way and the tallest windbreak of Kashan.
The house was destroyed by the years of oblivion until it was renovated and restored after fifteen years by the efforts of Engineer Hossein Mahlouji, the then representative of Kashan, and later with the investment of the private sector, Ozam Investment and Construction Company, and with the assitance of the best building masters. The Ameri House was finally opened in June 2014 as a boutique hotel. Boutique hotels are a new category of accommodation and they generally have a historical background. Such hotels seek to create a unique and special accommodation experience for the guests.
13.The Eelct Hotel of the Middle-East
During several years from 2016 to 2021, the Ameri Hotel has achieved multiple honors thanks to its historical identity, unique architecture, exclusive features, and the affection of its guests. In 2021, the Trip Advisor website, which is known to be the most authoritative reference for evaluating and ranking tourism facilities in the world, selected the Ameri Hotel as the first hotel in Iran and one of the top 25 hotels in the Middle East from the guests' point of view. Undoubtedly, these titles are due to the loving comments of the dear guests of the Ameri House and indicate the quality of the world-class services offered at this hotel.
14.A Relic to Stay in this Revolving World
The restoration of the Ameri House started in 1994 and it was completed in three phases in 2019. Initially, the building’s potential and the synergy as well as the positive energy of the past events and people led to the revival of the house, and thenceafter, many people, including architects, engineers and craftsmen, have played significant roles in reviving and completing the Ameri House project. In order to acknowledge their efforts and in order to honor the names of thoses loved ones, we will record the names of those people in the history tunnel.
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